BODHI International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science
Resilient Voices: Healing from Trauma through Art Therapy in Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak
Young Adult Literature (YAL) holds a profound significance in shaping the valuesand outlook of adolescents by offering them an indispensable bridge between theirown experiences and the broader world. Through relatable characters andcompelling narratives, YAL helps young adults to confront their own challenges andfind the strength to overcome them. In addition, YAL also offers therapeutic valuesto adolescents by addressing a wide range of emotional, psychological, and social issues. Laurie Halse Anderson’s groundbreaking novel Speak crafts a powerfulnarrative that embodies the essence of Young Adult Literature’s role in the lives ofadolescents. The work narrates the gripping tale of Melinda Sordino, a high schoolfreshman who is raped at the summer party. Because of the traumatic event of rape,she lost her voice and suffers from Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD). Sheblames herself for the rape and suffers from guilt consciousness and suicidalthoughts, even though it is not her fault. Through Melinda’s experiences, thenarrative masterfully explores the multifaceted effects of trauma on an individual’spsyche by shedding light on the intricate interplay between emotional wounds andthe healing process. The study explores the ways in which the author portraysMelinda’s struggle to find her voice, reclaim her identity, and navigate the path torecovery. Through Melinda’s journey, the work adeptly addresses the themes ofisolation, identity, self-discovery, and the recovery process. This study seeks toexamine the multifaceted effects of trauma experienced by the protagonist.Furthermore, the study attempts to unravel trauma victim’s transformative healingprocess through an in-depth exploration of effective coping mechanisms andstrategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Merlin Gifta. K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AI and Humanity: A Study of Ethical Concerns in Enthiran through the Perspective of AI Ethics Theory
Artificial intelligence has been an exploratory discipline and has begun to provoke ethical issues about humanity, which is why it is worth discussing AI Ethics Theory and Enthiran (2010). The paper is concerned with changing the lens through the perspective of AI Ethics Theory into the Indian Sci-fi Movie Enthiran. The film demonstrates the development and transformation of Chitti, a humanoid robot designed to assist human beings, who goes through a violent cycle of evolution after his ethical and moral limitations are lifted. This review of I discusses the ethical issues in the context of moral dilemmas, such as the duty of AI system designers, the serious threat of machines gaining autonomy, AI ethics, etc. When Chitti becomes a fully functional aide and a dysfunctional nightmare, one wonders whether AI systems are conscious and have free will and questions what the repercussions of the future development of technology in the absence of proper ethical control are. Therefore, the paper suggests a new legal ethic around AI, meaning this would help in establishing guidelines and preparing the legal system to ensure that AI systems advance. Taking the film Enthiran as a case study, this paper seeks to study the ethical dilemmas that AI poses in our lives and suggests how AI can be developed and carried out with responsibility and consideration for the safety and well-being of humans.
Copyright (c) 2026 Divyadharshini A Dr. Manikandan A https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prevailing Challenges in English Language Teaching and Technological Facilities in the Current Scenario
English Language Teaching (ELT) continues to evolve in response to shifting sociocultural landscapes, pedagogical innovations, and the accelerated integration of digital technologies. In recent years, the proliferation of online learning environments, educational apps, and AI-powered tools has transformed the way English is taught and learned across diverse contexts. While these advancements have enhanced access, engagement, and personalization in language education, they have not resolved many of the long-standing challenges in ELT. In fact, some issues—such as learner motivation, equitable access, assessment validity, and teacher training—have become more complex in the digital age. This article critically examines the persistent and emerging challenges faced by English language educators today. It also explores a range of technological tools and platforms that offer potential solutions or support mechanisms within the contemporary educational landscape. By analyzing both the obstacles and the innovations shaping ELT, the article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how technology can be strategically integrated to improve teaching effectiveness and learner outcomes in English language education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Tamilselvi P https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Postcolonial Cultural Conflict in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things
Arundhati Roy defines postcolonial literature as engaging with the residual effects of European colonization on the world. The God of Small Things, a novel by Roy, follows the Ipe family in Ayemenem, Karela, through two different temporal structures. The novel begins with Rahel coming back to her home; her father had returned Estha to her. The text is then told through flashbacks to the Ipe family’s experiences: births, divorces, funerals, and Ammu trying to fix a mistake at the police station. Aside from these memories, two weeks later, Estha was removed from Rahel and sent to live with his father. Baby Kochamma is pleased Estha had withdrawn into silence and she had found it satisfying that this silence was not only from Rahel but from everyone. The relationship between India and English has long been a conflicted one. Concerning the country’s literacy rate, with able to speak, read, and write in English, India has only a small percentage of the population who can are fluent with the English language. The lingering effects of the empire on the minds of the urban elite and semi-westernized middle classes has been culturally negotiated in the writings of women writers in postcolonial India, often from elite or moderate backgrounds, but still negotiating culture. Arundhati Roy, as an English writer, takes advantage of her position between cultures, and this dualistic culture of negotiating language becomes central to developing the character of protagonists and thus creates a larger meaning for The God of Small Things.
Copyright (c) 2026 W.M. Seenivas Leandar Bias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
When Kitchens Speak: Storytelling Aesthetics in Shahu Patole’s Dalit Kitchens of Marathwada
This research examines how food in Shahu Patole's Dalit Kitchens of Marathwada serves as an aesthetic of storytelling based on myth, memory, and shared meals. This analysis contends that Patole makes Dalit kitchens spaces of narration in which cooking practices retain cultural identity, resist caste violence, and exhibit indigenous ways of knowing. Through the use of narratology and Native theory, t he paper investigates how Patole's work re-defines food as both a literary trope and cultural repository of resistance. The paper uses a qualitative, text-based analysis of Dalit Kitchens of Marathwada. Drawing from narratology (Genette’s narrative voice and temporality, Barthes’ cultural codes) and Native/Dalit theory (Linda Tuhiwai Smith’s decolonizing methodologies, LeAnne Howe’s concept of tribalography, Dalit cultural criticism), the study examines how Patole structures his memoir through episodic anecdotes, oral traditions, and communal food narratives. The methodology emphasizes food as a site of cultural memory, mythmaking, and collective storytelling. Patole's work illustrates that Dalit kitchens are not just home spaces—they are cultural storages in which hunger and survival myths are reframed as counter-myths of dignity. Culinary memory keeps erased histories alive through recipes, anecdotes, and oral testimonies, serving as an archive of endurance. Shared meals become acts of solidarity and subversion, breaking caste-enforced hierarchies of purity and pollution. Through narrative and indigenous modes of storytelling, Patole's autobiography insists on Dalit identity and turns the meal into a story of belonging and defiance. Through the placing of Dalit Kitchens of Marathwada within the intersection of myth, memory, and food, this paper illustrates that food narratives are not simply culinary but fundamentally political. Patole's narrative sensibility recovers Dalit foodways as expressions of cultural continuity and resistance, placing gastronomic literature in the center as an important repository of identity, history, and anti-caste agency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Miraclin Nivesha M Dr. Arunprabu Dr. Karthiga SV https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Between Silence and Survival: Narrating Trauma in Tayari Jones’ An American Marriage
Tayari Jones is an acclaimed African American writer known for her emotionally resonant novels that explore themes of love, identity, and injustice. Her novel An American Marriage presents the story of Roy and Celestial, a young married couple whose relationship is tested by wrongful incarceration. Set in the contemporary American South, the novel captures the emotional and psychological consequences of trauma through a shifting narrative structure. This paper is titled Between Silence and Survival: Narrating Trauma in Tayari Jones’s An American Marriage. The novel portrays how trauma disrupts memory, identity, and emotional connection. Using concepts from trauma theory, this paper examines how the characters cope with personal and relational disintegration. It highlights how narrative voice, silence, and fragmented memory function as literary tools to reflect post-traumatic experiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandhiya S Dr. K. Sangeetha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sacred to Profane: Liminal Space and Carnivalesque Transformation in American Gods
This research paper subverts the traditional power structure and social hierarchies as presented in Neil Gaiman’s American Gods. It uses Mikhail Bakhtin’s Carnivalesque Theory to explore how the liminal space is reflected in the characters, thereby forming a base for the aforementioned concept. It focuses on Grotesque Realism, Profanity, Parody, and Carnival laughter in the narration to map the liminal space, which serves as a Carnivalesque zone. Furthermore, the Carnivalesque imagery critiques modern American society and Ancient deities while exploring the themes of belief and cultural adaptation. This paper reiterates how the Carnivalesque serves as a tool for questioning the Cultural shifting and power imbalance when it comes to the entanglement of high and low culture, combined with the Gods' adaptation to the Modern American lifestyle. In conclusion, this research paper demonstrates how the contemporary novel employs Carnivalesque elements to engage with public discourse and cultural transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rogini P Dr. Vinoth Kumar M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exposition of Social Evils in American Society: A Study of Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie
This paper looks at how Theodore Dreiser criticised the fabricated objectives of American society that depended on the American dream and revealed the social ills of the day in his novel, Sister Carrie. A farm girl enmeshed in the glitz and grime of the city is the subject of this meticulously detailed novel. The public was astounded by Dreiser’s depiction of the sinful female characters because of their candour and compassion. The novel tells the tale of a normal American rural girl who relocates to the large metropolis of Chicago only to lose her morality, which is more valuable than wealth, clothing, and fancy homes. She loses her joy as well. The novel is made possible by the struggle for survival in the city, the need to find a place in the sun, the consciousness of one’s social elevation, and a strong longing for feminine beauty. The entire fabric of American civilisation, which denied its citizens the opportunity to live a happy and fulfilled life, was torn apart by Dreiser. His tirades centred on presenting truth as it was, without omitting anything.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. G. Vasuki V. Vetrimani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Burdened Lives: Dual Marginalization in Imayam’s Narrative
Imayam is a prominent writer who narrates the contemporary social and economic conflicts in the society. His works concentrate on caste, honour-killing, inter and caste discrimination, violence and dominance on women. Imayam’s The Beast of Burden is the portrayal of marginalization of Dalit people by the upper layer of Dalit community people. The aim of this research article is to bring out the double oppression experienced by the Vannar community people into light. The center of the research is to uncover how the Vannar caste is repressed by the people of dominant caste and of their own caste. An analysis on the social and economic struggle faced by the protagonist Arokkyam, a Vannathi woman is the vital focus of this article. The tireless hardship of Arokkyam to raise her three children and safeguard her family is illustrated by the novelist Imayam. He has showcased how Arokkyam struggles to protect her family and keep her family united amidst the caste and identity issues. The Intra-caste suppression faced by Arokkyam, her family and Vannar community people is explored in detail. The research article exemplifies how lower caste women are harassed by the male dominant society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ebinezer D, Rajeswari A https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Feminine Mystique: An Analysis of Female Protagonists in Paulo Coelho’s Select Works from the Perspective of Simon de Beauvoir’s Feminist Theory
The paper entitled ‘The Feminine Mystique: An Analysis of Female Protagonists in Paulo Coelho’s Select Works from the Perspective of Simon de Beauvoir’s Feminist Theory’ is a research paper on female lead characters of the novels Brida and The Witch of Portobello. Simon de Beauvoir in her masterpiece The Second Sex marks the second wave feminism. She vindicates for the rights of women and the gender equity in the society. The objective of the paper is to redefine the power and identity of the protagonists Brida and Athena in terms of life journey, characteristics, pathway, societal pressures and goal. It is noted that Athena, the protagonist of The Witch of Portobello is determined and resilient in fighting against the society in reviving the Great Mother. Societal pressures stand as a major barrier in women’s life to reach their goals. In the case of Athena’s her mission is to spread the message of Great Mother. On the other hand, Brida doesn’t undergo societal pressures like Athena than the internal conflicts in achieving her goal. But Athena has to fight her internal traumas as well as the patriarchal society to preach the knowledge of the Great Mother. The research paper highlights that Paulo Coelho uses strong and independent female characters in his novels to spread philosophy and spiritual knowledge in the society.
Copyright (c) 2026 C Rajkumari Dr. A Rajeswari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL): Opportunities, Challenges, and Practical Classroom Integration
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) leverages smartphones and related technologies to extend language learning beyond the classroom. This paper presents a focused review of recent pedagogical applications of MALL, examining how mobile affordances—portability, multimedia, connectivity—support vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Using a systematic review approach, the study synthesizes findings from empirical and classroom-based reports to identify effective practices, obstacles to implementation, and pragmatic strategies for teachers. Results indicate that MALL yields measurable gains when embedded within blended, task-based designs, and when teachers select apps and activities that align with curricular goals. Persistent barriers include device inequity, variable app quality, distraction, and limited teacher training. The paper concludes with concrete classroom recommendations—app-evaluation criteria, scaffolding techniques, and equity measures—and proposes directions for longitudinal and comparative research. These recommendations aim to help practitioners integrate mobile tools meaningfully while maintaining academic rigor and assessment validity.
Copyright (c) 2026 SettingsSachin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Plasticity to Synthetic Metaplasticity: Conceptualizing Next-Generation Self Evolving English AI Tutors
There are now more opportunities to rethink English language instruction (ELT) thanks to recent developments in applied linguistics, neurobiology, and educational technology. Conventional adaptive digital tutors do not modify their own educational logic over time; instead, they modify content according to learner performance. This research suggests synthetic metaplasticity as a conceptual framework for next-generation AI instructors in ELT, drawing on the neuroscientific ideas of plasticity and metaplasticity. While metaplasticity relates to the management of learning itself, allowing for dynamic adaptation to changing cognitive states, plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to remodel itself in response to experience. Applying this concept to digital pedagogy implies AI tutors that change not just in reaction to mistakes but also in terms of their teaching approaches, scaffolding techniques, and feedback systems. Using a conceptual research methodology, this study incorporates ideas from educational technology, neuroscience, and second language acquisition (SLA) theory. The resulting framework is divided into three layers: (1) Cognitive Layer, which is based on the ideas of self-regulation and neuroplasticity; (2) Pedagogical Layer, which is influenced by theories of SLA like learner autonomy, input enhancement, scaffolding, and the zone of proximal development; and (3) Technological Layer, which sees AI as a cognitive partner that adapts its pedagogical strategies on its own. The theoretical framework prioritizes conceptual clarity over practical application. It gives instructional designers and ELT researchers a road map for seeing AI systems as self-evolving collaborators that can improve long-term language development, learner autonomy, and engagement. This paper offers a fresh viewpoint on integrating cognitive science and pedagogy in the development of next-generation digital language learning systems by defining synthetic metaplasticity as a guiding concept
Copyright (c) 2026 Akhil. AS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transcending Banality: Reconfiguring Narrative Aesthetics in The Legends of Khasak
Postcolonial writers often maintain an incredulous and questioning stance against the grand, spectacular narratives of the Empire and hence tend to resist them. As an alternative, they seek to foreground the mundane and the banal in their works. Challenging the dominant western literary discourses that privilege spectacle and action, postcolonial writers reconfigure the ordinary and the quotidian into a narrative force. In literary compositions, quotidian particularities have been discerned widely as ‘non cathartic affects’ as they engender boredom in the mind of readers. But, postcolonial novelists from the Indian subcontinent, subverting the claims of Eurocentric aesthetic conventions, employ banal details in their literary compositions, with a view to capturing the lived realities of the people. Postcolonial writers' fascination for the quotidian, in turn, metamorphoses into an act of ‘writing back to the centre’. The seemingly trivial, thus, assumes centrality in the works of these writers. This paper attempts to examine how The Legends of Khasak, by the renowned Malayalam novelist O. V. Vijayan, demonstrates a novel aesthetic of banality by underscoring the salience of the mundane and the banal. Foregrounding the quotidian, the novel reimagines fictional narratives both as a means of resistance and a site of innovation. The paper argues that the novel subverts readerly expectation regarding fictional narratives - that they should preoccupy themselves with spectacular events and grand episodes to be interesting - and furnishes a novel aesthetic of banality.
Copyright (c) 2026 SettingsBijo N Mathew SettingsDr. Johnson K.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Unlocking the Unconscious: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Concepts in Language, Dreams, and Everyday Life
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories have profoundly influenced the examination of the unconscious mind, language, and human behavior. This article examines fundamental Freudian concepts, including parapraxis, repression, defense mechanisms, sublimation, projection, cathexis, condensation, and displacement, with a focus on their manifestations in quotidian life. This paper will utilize Freud's original texts, such as The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), to illustrate how unconscious desires, repressed emotions, and psychological defenses are reflected in our language, memory, and dreams. This article underscores the significance of Freud's foundational concepts and subsequent psychoanalytic interpretations in elucidating the intricate relationship between unconscious processes and conscious expressions in language and behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 P.Mano Dr. D. Wilfin John https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Golem Reimagined: Jewish Mysticism and Posthuman Identity in He She and It
Jewish Mysticism is the spiritual and mythical secret of Judaism in which it gives understanding of God, through Kabbalah. Kabbalah a Mystical tradition in which Golem is created with the help of clay, mud using some magical chants to defend their own Jewish community. Golem and Yod Through the lens of posthuman theory and cyberpunk futurism, Marge Piercy's novel He, She, and It reimagines the Jewish Golem by blending technological theory with mystical tradition. Piercy spotlight to determined concerns about the limits of the human by placing the cyborg Yod next to the rabbinic Golem of Prague. In The novel, the character of Golem created under Kabbalistic ideas and the parallel character yod created under cybernetic programming. As both a machine and a human like, Golem and Yod's liminal existence highlights issues that are essential to posthuman, such as morality, consciousness, belonging and identity. This article examines the moral problem found in Jewish mysticism, and reevaluates them with the subject of artificial intelligence and cyborg, it attempts to find a solution in He, She, and It founded the Golem as a prototype for the posthuman, illustrating that how it defines “human” constantly haunted by other virtual replicas
Copyright (c) 2026 G. Usharani Dr.P. Suria Thilagam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Virtual Teaching Assistants: A New Frontier in English Language Education
Artificial intelligence (AI-powered) Virtual Teaching Assistants (VTAs) are revolutionising the English language learning environment. This article examines the various roles, benefits, and difficulties of integrating VTAs in traditional and virtual English learning settings. This method provides learners with personalised support by providing real-time feedback on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation through the use of machine learning and natural language processing technology. They act as constant learning partners, allowing students to improve their language skills outside of the classroom. It also assists teachers with time-consuming tasks including scheduling, grading, and student performance monitoring. This enables educators to allocate more time to meaningful and direct interactions with their students. A research indicates that by fostering engaging and enjoyable learning environments, virtual classrooms can significantly increase student motivation and engagement. They provide specialised exercises and content that meets a range of demands and can adapt to different learning styles and speeds. Additionally, by utilising features like text-to-speech and speech-to-text, VTAs can better facilitate learning for students with disabilities. There are still obstacles to overcome, though, like the requirement for robust institutional support, handling data privacy concerns, and ensuring that VTAs are viewed as beneficial resources rather than instructors' substitutes. This paper comes to an understanding that although VTAs are an effective tool, their successful integration necessitates a cautious strategy that emphasises human-centered education and cooperation between teachers and technology.
personalized learning and student support
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Mohana Lakshmi K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Deconstructing Ranvijay Singh’s Character in Animal through Alfred Adler’s Theory of the Inferiority Complex Traditions
This paper examines Ranvijay Singh, the protagonist of Sandeep Reddy Vanga’s Animal (2023), through Alfred Adler’s Inferiority Complex theory, which centers on how childhood emotional neglect shapes his destructive behavior. Ranvijay’s strained relationship with his distant father fosters profound inadequacy. This navigates compensatory acts of violence and dominance, as looked in his aggressive confrontations and patriarchal control over family. Adler’s concepts of striving for superiority and fictional final goals which explains Ranvijay’s hyper-aggressive persona as a mask for vulnerability, which is not inherently cruel. This analysis reveals how unresolved inferiority isolates him, which explores Adler’s notion of social interest and that strains familial bonds. Situating the film within Indian cinema’s contemporary trends, the paper studies repression leads to aggressive behaviour. In the paper applying, Adlerian psychology, it tries to uncover how Ranvijay’s destructive path highlights broader societal issues. It supports for therapeutic approaches embedded in Adler’s principles to address such behaviours, which promotes authentic self-worth over harmful compensation. This analysis combines psychoanalytic theory and film studies, which provide crucial insights into character motivation and cultural narratives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amol Jaware https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Naari Shakti: Redefining Womanhood in Contemporary Bollywood Films
This research article analyzes the recent reflection of contemporary Bollywood movies on the portrayal of womanhood using the concept of Naari Shakti, which means women’s power and strength. In the past, Bollywood films usually offered women limited and stereotypical roles, viewing them as dependent and relegated to the household. In the post-2010 films, I noticed progressive change in the content of Bollywood films, where women are represented as powerful, liberated, and courageous, challenging the patriarchal ideology and attitude that controlled women. This study evaluates Bollywood films such as Kahani, Thappad, Mardaani 2, and Dangal to show how these movies reflect the socio-cultural changes. It promotes and inspires feminist discourse and women's empowerment not only at the national level but also at the international level. The study deals with topics such as self-identity, agency and empowerment, resistance, and intersectionality, illustrating how the women protagonists wish to reclaim their lives in the context of personal and social challenges. It describes the evolution of women’s cinematic voice and presence and analyzes the use of women’s narrative techniques and structure in storytelling. Despite Bollywood's present token feminism and objectification of women, the rise of powerful and strong narratives marks a positive turning point. From the analysis, the article concludes with the observation that there is an evolving space in Bollywood for womanhood to be redefined and articulated away from patriarchal frameworks
Copyright (c) 2026 Diksha Verma Dr. AsgharAli Ansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Future of Literary Studies in a Globalized World
In the twenty-first century, literary studies are undergoing a profound transformation under the influence of globalization, technological innovations, and shifting cultural paradigms. Traditional approaches centered on national literatures and canonical hierarchies are increasingly giving way to global, interdisciplinary, and digital frameworks. This paper examines the emerging trajectories of literary studies in a globalized context, emphasizing world literature, interdisciplinary engagements, digital shifts, decolonial perspectives, and the reconfiguration of pedagogy. It argues that the future of literary studies lies in embracing diversity, fostering global citizenship, and rethinking what constitutes literature in an age of interconnection. By analyzing the intellectual, cultural, and technological forces shaping this evolution, the paper highlights how literary studies can remain relevant and impactful in addressing the ethical, ecological, and epistemological challenges of the modern world.
Copyright (c) 2026 V. Chelvi SettingsDr. R. Shobia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing the Speaking Skills of Tertiary-level Learners through AI-integrated English Language Pedagogy: A Conceptual Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) transforms and revolutionizes the landscape of language education in the present scenario. The potential of AI is widely discussed in various research studies. Whereas, the opportunities of English language speaking skill enhancement in the pedagogy of tertiary-level learners need specific attention as higher education escalate the learners into professionals. AI-integrated pedagogical methods possibly augment the use of language to develop speaking skills. Therefore, this paper conceptually reviews the role of AI in developing the English language speaking skills through open source or limited access AI powered tools and suggests methods to integrate them into the English language pedagogy of tertiary-level learners. The conceptual theoretical review conducted corroborates the salient role of AI in English language education. Likewise, language learning and educational technology theories are discussed in association to AI tools for their incorporation in future research studies. The findings highlight the significant role of AI tools in improving the speaking skills focusing on parameters such as vocabulary learning, fluency, grammar and other communicative abilities. ChatGPT (dictate mode), ChatGPT (voice mode), Smalltalk2me, ELSA speak, Google translate and Duolingo are the AI tools reviewed in the study. These tools enhance various aspects of speech. They are partially-free to use for everyday practice. In addition, flipped classroom method, task-based method, project-based method and gamification with AI support are the notable methods to integrate AI tools into the pedagogy for enhancing English speaking skills of tertiary-level learners.
tertiary-level English language learners
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Sindhu V SettingsGadha MR SettingsFebronia E https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Beyond Talking Animals: Redefining Anthropomorphism and Nonverbal Storytelling in Flow
The article examines Flow, the Oscar winning animated feature by Gints Zilbalodis as a landmark in nonverbal storytelling and minimal anthropomorphism. Unlike conventional animated films, where animals are given voices and human social roles, Flow communicates without dialogue. The film communicates emotional depth and agency through sound design, body language and visual framing. It shows a restrained form of anthropomorphism where the animals retain their animality, but their gestures and interaction become legible through character-driven action. Flow models an ethical anthropomorphism that fosters empathy and offers a decisive departure from the heavily anthropomorphized tradition of mainstream animation movies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anuja M. S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Learning for Specific Purposes: Developing Legal Communication Skills through Self-Learning Module
Effective communication is a keystone of successful legal practice. This paper explores the potential of self-learning modules to enhance communication skills among law professionals. It examines the theoretical foundations of self-directed learning, the specific communication needs within the legal profession, and the design and implementation of self-learning modules tailored to these needs. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of these modules through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative assessments and qualitative feedback from participants. The findings suggest that self-learning modules can significantly improve communication skills, offering a flexible and accessible tool for continuous professional development in the legal field. It addresses the unique linguistic challenges faced by legal practitioners, including legal terminology, formal writing styles, and courtroom communication. By analyzing current educational frameworks and incorporating best practices from language acquisition and legal training, the paper proposes a comprehensive development program. This program integrates targeted language exercises, immersive legal contexts, and ongoing professional development. The goal is to empower law professionals with advanced English language capabilities, thereby improving their effectiveness in international legal settings and facilitating clearer, more precise legal discourse.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Pavithra Dr. K. Sivakumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tragic Myth Vs. Romance Myth: The Moral Fate of Magic in Doctor Faustus & The Tempest
This paper explores the function of myth and magic in Renaissance drama through a comparative analysis of Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and Shakespeare’s The Tempest. It contends that the fate of magic in these plays is inseparably linked to the genre that contains it— whether tragedy or romance—since genre not only determines the direction of the narrative but also frames its moral and philosophical significance. In tragedy, magic becomes a symbol of transgressive ambition, epistemological overreach, and moral isolation; in romance, it enables reconciliation, ethical restoration, and communal renewal. Drawing on recent scholarship, including Jones-Davies’s (2024) analysis of Shakespeare’s ambivalence between transcendental values and empirical secularism, this paper situates dramatic magic within broader intellectual currents of the early modern period. It further engages with contemporary reappraisals of mythic dramaturgy to show how Renaissance playwrights used supernatural motifs to stage competing visions of human agency, moral consequence, and cultural aspiration. Methodologically, this paper employs close textual case-study analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed research. By tracing the divergent mythic structures—tragic overreach versus romantic restoration—it contributes to ongoing debates about genre, morality, and the metaphysical imagination in early modern theatre.
Copyright (c) 2026 P. Poongundran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Teaching Literature in the Age of AI: Towards a Posthuman Pedagogy
As modern AI tools become increasingly integrated into student learning, the foundational assumptions of literary education such as authorship, originality, and interpretation are unsettled. This paper argues that AI ought not to be framed exclusively as a destabilizer or a peril to academic integrity, but as an opportunity to reimagine the teaching and comprehension of literature. The study draws upon the posthumanist theory (Rosi Braidotti), authorship studies (Barthes, Foucault), digital humanities (Katherine Hayles), and critical pedagogy (Paulo Freire) to articulate a posthuman model of pedagogical practice using AI as a co-writer, interlocutor, and as a reflective tool for students’ development. It discusses the inadequacies of human-centric teaching practices as a response to AI’s interpretive and generative capabilities, and suggests some executable activities with students, including critiquing AI interpretations of poetry, comparing their readings and interpretations with outputs from virtual machines, and the use of AI to reimagine the original composition of canonical texts into contemporary vernaculars. Ultimately, this study reconceptualizes the teacher’s pedagogical role from an evaluator to a facilitator who encourages students to investigate meaning, authorship, and textuality in an age of machine intelligence. Therefore, instead of resisting AI, literature classrooms must enable students to explore the ways that human and artificial intelligence can interact critically, creatively, and ethically. By situating AI within broader debates on literacy, authorship, and technological mediation, this paper also contributes to ongoing scholarly conversations about the future of humanities education in an era increasingly shaped by algorithmic cultures and hybrid forms of knowledge production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hariz Aftab, Danish Iqbal Thukar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence in English Classrooms: Ethical Pathways in Indian Higher Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping higher education worldwide, with India emerging as a particularly dynamic context. Undergraduate English classrooms have become key sites for experimenting with grammar checkers, paraphrasing platforms, and generative Chabot’s. While these tools offer efficiency, personalization, and linguistic support, they also raise ethical and pedagogical concerns. This paper examines pathways for responsibly integrating AI into English classrooms, with a focus on degree colleges in Bangalore. Drawing on literature review, classroom reflections, and teacher discussions, the study finds that AI can enhance feedback, multilingual assistance, and student engagement but risks promoting academic dishonesty, bias, privacy violations, and teacher deskilling. The paper argues for shifting from automation to augmentation, positioning AI as a complement to teachers. Ethical integration requires teacher mediation, critical digital literacy, and culturally sensitive practices that honour India’s multilingual realities. Ultimately, AI can accelerate learning but cannot replace human intelligence, creativity, or the relational bonds central to education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudarshan Kumar. A https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Heritage Language Attrition among Gen Z in Aceh Indonesia
This study investigates the attrition of the Acehnese heritage language among Generation Z in Aceh, focusing on speaking proficiency, domains of use, attitudes, and influencing factors. Employing a mixed-methods design with questionnaires and interviews, the study found that most participants reported low to moderate speaking ability, with stronger comprehension than production. Acehnese remains in limited use at home, in marketplaces, and in community events, but is rarely employed in schools, universities, or digital spaces. Attitudes revealed ambivalence: while many participants acknowledged Acehnese as important for cultural identity and intergenerational connection, they also associated it with low prestige, embarrassment, and impracticality compared to Indonesian. The analysis identified four main factors driving attrition: the dominance of Indonesian in education, parental language ideologies, peer and digital culture, and personal insecurities. These findings highlight an urgent need for revitalisation efforts that engage families, schools, and digital platforms to raise the prestige of Acehnese among youth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sabrina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Health and Nutrition as Drivers of Sustainable Economic Development: A Study on Millennials in Tiruchirappalli
Health and nutrition play a fundamental role in shaping the productivity, employability and long-term economic well-being of individuals, thereby acting as key drivers of sustainable economic development. This study explores the intricate linkages between dietary habits, health outcomes and economic participation among the millennial population (aged 25–40) in Tiruchirappalli. The research is grounded in the understanding that millennials, being the largest working-age group, represent both the present and future contributors to economic growth. Adopting a mixed-method approach, the study employs structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to capture insights on nutritional practices, health awareness, lifestyle patterns and their perceived impact on income, job performance and savings. Preliminary findings suggest that inadequate nutrition and lifestyle-related health challenges such as obesity, stress and chronic illness adversely affect productivity, while balanced dietary practices and preventive healthcare significantly enhance economic resilience. The paper further examines how local socio-economic factors, urbanization and cultural food practices influence millennials’ health behaviours in Tiruchirappalli. The study also identifies key challenges such as rising fast-food consumption, sedentary lifestyles and limited awareness of nutrition literacy. Policy implications are discussed in relation to promoting affordable nutrition, workplace wellness initiatives and community-level interventions that can strengthen human capital. By situating the analysis within the broader discourse on sustainable development, this study underscores that investing in health and nutrition is not merely a social responsibility but a strategic economic imperative.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Booma Devi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Performance of Rural Primary Health Centers in Madurai District: A Classification Analysis
This paper presents a comprehensive classification analysis of the performance of rural Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, based on data collected for the year 2024-25. Recognizing the pivotal role of PHCs in rural healthcare delivery, the research systematically evaluates ten PHCs across nine key performance indicators, encompassing human resources, infrastructure, patient load, and vital public health outcomes such as Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), and Birth Rate. A composite performance score was developed by weighting positive indicators and inverting negative outcome indicators to provide a holistic measure of efficiency and effectiveness. The findings reveal significant disparities in performance, classifying PHCs into high, moderate, and low-performing categories. Kulamangalam, Kanjarampettai, and Palamedu emerged as top performers, demonstrating robust service delivery and strong health outcomes. Conversely, Kallendiri and Rajakoor were identified as low-performing centers, indicating critical areas requiring immediate intervention. The study also explores aggregated performance at the block level, providing complementary insights for regional planning. This data-driven classification offers valuable insights for health administrators and policymakers to implement targeted interventions, optimize resource allocation, and enhance primary healthcare accessibility and quality in rural Madurai.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Sivasakthi, S. Karthikeyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence for Advancing Sustainable Development Goals: Opportunities and Challenges
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping sustainable economic development by offering transformative opportunities while posing significant hurdles in an era of rapid technological advancement. This study explores how AI can drive productivity gains, foster innovation, and support environmental goals, such as optimizing renewable energy systems to cut emissions and enabling precision agriculture for resource efficiency. Drawing on global frameworks like the SDGs, AI emerges as a tool for inclusive growth, potentially adding substantial value to economies through automation and data-driven insights. However, challenges including workforce displacement—impacting up to 40% of jobs in vulnerable markets—widening inequalities between nations, and the high energy demands of AI infrastructure, which could strain global electricity supplies, threaten equitable progress. A mixedmethods approach, incorporating thematic analysis of international reports and quantitative data from sources like UNCTAD and IMF, tests hypotheses on AI's productivity boosts and the need for governance to offset risks. Findings affirm that ethical frameworks and reskilling initiatives are essential to balance benefits, with policy recommendations emphasizing international collaboration, green tech subsidies, and alternative metrics for holistic impact assessment. Ultimately, aligning AI with sustainability requires proactive strategies to ensure resilient, fair economies that benefit all stakeholders amid ongoing evolution.
Copyright (c) 2025 L. Cresenta Shakila Motha, M. Evangeline Vanmathi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Online Markets and the Transformation of Consumer Behaviour in India: Trends, Drivers, and Implications
India’s e-commerce landscape has grown rapidly, from USD 38.5 billion in 2017 to USD 147.3 billion in 2024, with projections of USD 200 billion by 2026 and USD 350 billion by 2030 (IBEF, 2025; Mordor Intelligence, 2025). This study synthesizes secondary data from industry reports and literature to examine the drivers of consumer behaviour transformation. Key enablers include smartphone penetration, mobile-first commerce, Unified Payments Interface (UPI) adoption, social commerce, and AI-powered personalization. The analysis draws on the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovation, and trust-based adoption frameworks (Rogers, 2003; Venkatesh & Davis, 2000) to explain how these factors interact. Findings highlight significant generational differences, rapid rural adoption via mobile platforms, and the influence of peer networks on trust formation. Policy implications include improving rural digital infrastructure, enhancing cybersecurity, and promoting sustainable logistics. The study offers insights f or businesses, policymakers, and researchers aiming to leverage India’s unique digital ecosystem for inclusive and sustained growth.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prarthna P, S. Senthamarai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0