Empowering the Green Workforce: A Socio-Economic Analysis of Haritha Karma Sena (HKS) members in Kerala's Decentralized Waste Management System

Abstract

This article investigates the socio-economic conditions, working environment, and job satisfaction of Haritha Karma Sena (HKS) members, a women-led community initiative vital to Kerala's decentralized solid waste management (SWM) system. Drawing on primary data from a survey of 50 HKS workers in Kollam Corporation, alongside secondary data and a comprehensive literature review, the study reveals significant challenges faced by these essential workers. Findings indicate prevalent low household incomes, critical lack of safety equipment and basic workplace facilities, widespread physical exhaustion and work-related health issues, and experiences of discrimination. Despite their crucial role in environmental sustainability and community health, a substantial portion of workers express dissatisfaction with their wages. The study highlights the profound implications of these conditions for human dignity and well-being, underscoring the paradox of essential service provision amidst precarious livelihoods. It argues that while HKS offers valuable employment and empowerment opportunities, systemic improvements in wages, safety, and social recognition are imperative for the long-term sustainability of both the workforce and Kerala's pioneering SWM model. Recommendations for policy and practice are provided to foster a more equitable and supportive environment for these green frontline workers.