Trends and Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) in India: A Post-2020 Analysis

Abstract

This research paper critically examines the trends and determinants of the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) in India with a focus on the post-2020 period. Employing a qualitative approach, the study synthesizes secondary literature, policy documents, and regional case studies to explore the socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors influencing FLFPR. The findings highlight that despite modest gains, women’s workforce participation remains constrained by entrenched patriarchal norms, caregiving responsibilities, inadequate childcare, limited formal job opportunities, and significant regional disparities. The prevalence of informal and self-employed roles, policy implementation challenges, and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 further restrict meaningful and secure employment for women. The study emphasizes that addressing these persistent structural barriers through integrated policy measures and social reforms is crucial for achieving equitable and inclusive economic growth in India.